It is based on years of patient observation and study of children by Dr. Maria Montessori, who was a scientist uniquely educated and qualified for this task. She was a medical doctor, a student of psychology, and a professor of anthropology, a science that is concerned with man in a unique way. She worked out her methods and developed the materials by letting the children show her what worked and what did not work. It is not a "franchise" or "patented" operation. It is in the public domain. There are responsible organizations (such as the American Montessori Society) that operate on behalf of its proper development in this country.
Within a single generation, it has been tried successfully with children of many nations. Climate, nationality, social rank, or type of civilization make no difference to its successful application. India, France, Holland, England, Burma, Mexico, Panama, Colombia, Canada, Italy, and the United States have many well-developed Montessori schools.
3. It
It is based upon the child's imperious need to learn by doing activities, which develop his faculties at each stage in his mental growth. These stages are called "sensitive periods," and he more readily absorbs knowledge during those periods. While the method offers the child a maximum of spontaneity, it enables him to reach an even higher level of scholastic attainment than under other systems.
It enables the teacher to deal with each child individually in each subject and thus guide him according to his individual requirements. Each child works at his own pace, hence the quick child is not held back by the slow, nor is the latter, in trying to keep up with the former, obliged to flounder along hopelessly out of his depth. Each stone in the mental edifice is "well and truly laid" before the next is added.
Below is a partial list of Montessori publications available from Amazon.com or from a bookstore.
E. Mortimer Standing, The Montessori Method: A Revolution in Education
Rita Kramer, Maria Montessori: A Biography
Angeline Lillard, The Science Behind the Genius
Paula Polk and L. L. Jessen, Montessori from the Start
Nancy McCormick Rambusch, Learning
How to Learn: An American Approach to Montessori’s Writings
Dr. Maria Montessori, The Montessori Method
Dr. Maria Montessori, Dr. Montessori's Own Handbook
Dr. Maria Montessori, The Advanced Montessori Method, I & II
Dr. Maria Montessori, The Absorbent Mind
Dr. Maria Montessori, To Educate the Human Potential